Introduction

Prostate cancer is the second-most common tumor among men worldwide [1]. Most prostatic carcinomas are latent, with no impact on the patient’s life [2], but with the advent of accessible diagnostic tools indolent early-stage tumors are being overdiagnosed [3], resulting in the administration of excessively aggressive treatments to low-risk patients and, consequently, an increased risk of adverse effects such as urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction and intestinal disturbances [4,5].

Histological analysis of biopsied tissue is essential to confirm the diagnosis of cancer and to assign the tumor a Gleason score. The latter is strongly associated with prognosis and is probably one of the best predictors of disease progression. However, the reliability of Gleason grading may be compromised by differences in grading between biopsy and prostatectomy specimens associated with tumor heterogeneity (sampling variation) [6,7] and inter-examiner disagreement [6,8,9].

Shipitsin et al. [10] looked at 160 proteins with a potential for use as biomarkers of prostate cancer (very low, low and high risk), narrowing the list down to 12 promising markers, one of which is FUS/TLS (fused in Ewing’s sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma), a member of the TET protein family along with EWS, TLS and TAF15. EWS and TLS play an important role in gene regulation [11,12], originally described in myxoid/round cell liposarcoma [13], FUS is a multifuntional protein implicated in pre-mRNA splicing [14], chromosome stability [15], and gene transcription [16].

According to Haile et al. [17], FUS upregulates the transcriptional activity in prostate cancer cells due to its role as an androgen receptor (AR) co-activator. Prostatic adenocarcinoma depends on androgenic stimulation to progress, and AR stimulation activates the cell cycle, resulting in proliferation [18]. In contrast, Broke et al. [19] affirm that FUS expression is downregulated in response to AR activation and that upregulation of FUS expression retards prostate cancer cell growth in response to AR stimulation in vitro and in vivo, induces mitotic cell cycle arrest in G1 and induces apoptosis in a way resembling tumor suppression [19]. In their paper, Brooke et al. [19] found FUS expression on immunohistochemistry to be inversely correlated with Gleason score, patients with high levels of FUS survived longer. Whereas, FUS expression was associated with increased Odds Ratio and Hazard Ratio in Shipitsin et al. using a quantitative multiplex proteomics in situ imaging system [10]. The Human Protein Atlas reports no association with prostate cancer prognosis under the entry for FUS [20].

In this study, we evaluated FUS expression in non-neoplastic tissue and prostatic adenocarcinoma, the association between FUS expression and clinical/laboratory progression, and the ability of FUS expression to predict Gleason scores >6 in Gleason pattern 3 adenocarcinomas, and Gleason scores >7 (3 + 4) in Gleason pattern 4 adenocarcinomas.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323424359_PanCD44_Immunohistochemical_Evaluation_in_Prostatectomies_from_Patients_with_Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Introduction. CD44 has been proposed as a prognostic marker and a stem cell marker but studies in patients with prostate cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Patients and Methods. Patients submitted to radical prostatectomy between 2008 and 2013 at a university hospital were followed with biannual serum PSA tests to determine the biochemical recurrence (BR). Archived paraffin blocks with neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissue were evaluated immunohistochemically for a panCD44 and MYC. Results. Sixty-nine patients completed follow-up and were included. CD44 positivity was observed in inflammatory cells (42%), nonneoplastic epithelium (39.7%), and neoplastic tissue (12.3%). In nonneoplastic tissues staining was observed in basal and luminal cells with the morphology of terminally differentiated cells. In neoplastic tissues, CD44 negativity was correlated with higher Gleason scores (Rho = −0.204; ) and higher preoperative serum PSA levels when evaluated continuously (). CD44 expression was not associated with tumor stage (), surgical margin status (), or BR (), nor was there any association between CD44 and MYC expression in neoplastic tissue (). Conclusion. In the bulk of cells, the minority of cancer stem cells would not be detected by immunohistochemistry using panCD44. As a prognostic marker, its expression was weakly correlated with Gleason score and preoperative PSA level, but not with surgical margin status, tumor stage, or BR.

Acima Trabalho de Pesquisa desenvolvido no Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Medico Cirúrgicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apm.13330

EM 2023

Prostate cancer is the world’s most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men. Recent work suggests that patients with high ERG expression intensity are significantly more likely to develop biochemical relapse and metastasis, and die of prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the intensity of ERG protein expression and the staging of prostate cancer and the formation of metastases in 635 samples. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using immunohistochemistry reactions in tissue microarray samples taken from non-neoplastic and neoplastic prostate tissue from patients who underwent radical prostatectomies at a reference hospital from 2009 to 2016. For the ERG marker analysis, the samples were scored for the presence or absence of nuclear signals. Weak, moderate, or strong intensity of the nuclei of the observable tumor cells was considered to be positive markers. All told, 635 samples were evaluated, and the ERG expression was inconclusive in 9% of cases, while 30% were positive and 61% were negative. Of the samples with positive result: 25.8% were weak and focal, 53.2% were moderate, and 21% were strong. Finally, 21% of the cases with a positive ERG had a high Gleason score. Metastasis was detected in 41% of the patients who were ERG positive, and of these, the majority had moderate marking and were aged older than 60 years, although there was no statistically significant difference between the older and younger age groups. Patients with moderate to strong ERG staining had higher staging compared to the others, and no increase in metastasis was detected in patients with more intense ERG expression. More studies should be carried out to corroborate these results and to reach a consensus on the intensity and scoring of the expression levels of ERG markers.

Acima Trabalho de Pesquisa Realizado na Universidade Federal do Ceará Aluna de Mestrado Programa de Pos Graduação em Patologia Faculdade de MEdicina Universidade Federal do Ceará!

EM 2023

https://juniperpublishers.com/jojun/pdf/JOJUN.MS.ID.555734.pdf

Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most frequent neoplasm in men. Recent studies suggest that the rate of microsatellite instabil) andimary prostate tumors is <4% and that the loss rate of the repair gene in these tumors is <3%. The objective was to characterize primary prostate tumors in terms of immunohistochemical staining of PMS2 and MSH6. Methods: There were 635 samples from patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy in a referral hospital. For this purpose, a retrospective cohort was constituted and immunohistochemical reactions were studied in tissue microarrays from samples taken from non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues. Results: The rate of simultaneous positive labeling was 90.5% and no case had concomitant negative labeling. The Gleason score of patients with no marking of PMS2 or MSH6 after the review ranged from 2 to 4 and the pathological staging of the cases ranged from pT2 to pT3b.The group without MSH6 and/or PMS2 scores had higher Gleason scores, and those only without MSH6 score had worse staging conditions. There was a higher frequency of metastasis among patients without MSH6 labeling. Discussion/Conclusion: Age older than 60 years was not statistically significant in relation to the absence of PMS2 and MSH6.Negative labeling of MSH6 was related to biochemical recurrence. PMS2 and MSH6 gene expression was not associated with PSA levels above 10 ng/ml. The values of Gleason scores were higher in the unmarked group. There was a higher frequency of metastasis in patients without MSH6 labeling. The loss rate of the MSH6 repair gene in the sample was 0.15% and of PMS2 was 0.30%, Similar to literature data. More studies should be carried out to corroborate these findings. Keywords: Prostate cancer; PMS2; MSH6; Immunohistochemistry; Prostatectomy

Em 2025

Publicação DE ALUNO DE DOUTORADO DO PROGRAMA DE POS GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS MÉDICO CIRÚRGICAS DA UFC ANDRÉ AVELINO com participação de nossos alunos de Graduação em Medicina Jhonas e Felipe ex extensionistas do Programa.

JBras Patol Med Lab.2025; 61(2): 178-18

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN BLADDER CANCER: PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS

André Avelino
Fellow PhD Degree, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil

Felipe Gonçalves
Graduate Student, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil

Jhonas Ferreira
Graduate Student, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil

MD, Gislane Rocha Vasconcelo
Pathologist, Nordd Laboratório de Patologia, Brazil

Ph. D, Conceição Dornelas
Associate Professor, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil

ABSTRACT

This retrospective cohort study evaluated androgen receptor (AR) expression in patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma diagnosed between 2016 and 2021. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between AR expression and prognosis (recurrence-free, progression-free, and overall survival). Although AR has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target, its prognostic value remains unclear. In this study, AR expression did not show significant associations with recurrence, progression, or survival outcomes. These findings suggest that AR may have limited value as a prognostic biomarker in bladder cancer, highlighting the need for further investigation into its clinical relevance.

Keywords: Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Immunohistochemistry; Androgens; Prognosis.

https://jbpml.org.br/manuscript/index.php/jbpml/article/view/454/300

Em 2025 publicação DE ALUNO DE DOUTORADO DO PROGRAMA DE POS GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS MÉDICO CIRÚRGICAS DA UFC MAC GAYVER

NOVA PUBLICAÇÃO EM REVISTA DE ALTO IMPACTO EM 2025

“ENHANCED PERFORMANCE IN AUTOMATED DIABETIC RETINOPATHY DIAGNOSIS ACHIEVED THROUGH VORONOI DIAGRAMS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE”

Scientific Reports volume 15, Article number: 35763 (2025) Cite this article

Mac Gayver da Silva Castro1,3, Francisco Vagnaldo Fechine Jamacaru2,3, Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho2, Paulo Roberto Leitão de Vasconcelos1 & Conceição Aparecida Dornelas1,3

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a serious eye condition in diabetic patients, requires early and precise detection for effective treatment. Late diagnosis and poor blood sugar control exacerbate this condition, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic methods. We developed a novel algorithm combining advanced image processing with machine learning techniques, utilizing classifiers such as SVM, decision tree, logistic regression, and kNN. A key feature of our approach is the incorporation of Voronoi Diagrams, which enhances the algorithm’s ability to analyze complex image patterns. The algorithm was tested on 800 eye (fundus) images. The decision tree-based classifier, a part of the algorithm, demonstrated high precision and reliability in predicting DR, achieving an AUC of 0.964. The integration of Voronoi Diagrams significantly improved accuracy and reliability across various classifiers. This study demonstrates that our algorithm, particularly the decision tree classifier, can diagnose DR with a level of accuracy comparable to established clinical benchmarks. The high AUC value confirms its effectiveness. Voronoi Diagrams notably enhanced the algorithm’s performance, indicating a promising approach for refining AI tools in ophthalmology.

Keywords Diabetic retinopathy, Automated diagnosis, Artificial Intelligence, Voronoi diagrams

1Postgraduate Program in Medical-Surgical Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60416- 200, Brazil. 2Drug Research and Development Center, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430- 275, Brazil. 3Mac Gayver da Silva Castro, Francisco Vagnaldo Fechine Jamacaru and Conceição Aparecida Dornelas contributed equally.email: mgayver@gmail.com

Referência do artigo:

Castro, M.G.d.S., Jamacaru, F.V.F., Filho, M.O.d.M. et al. Enhanced performance in automated diabetic retinopathy diagnosis achieved through Voronoi diagrams and artificial intelligence. Sci Rep 15, 35763 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87886-9

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